Wednesday 26 February 2014
Monday 17 February 2014
How to make a better Indonesia?
Assalamualaikum wr. wb.
First of all, we would like to introduce ourselves. We are students from an Islamic International School located in Hambalang, Bogor. We decided to make this letter for you to make sure that you'll do a great job if you are elected to become the next President of Indonesia. This is a pleasure for us. A big appreciation for you if you are interested to read, Sir. We are only normal teenagers that want to make this country even better in the future. Indonesia is a very beautiful country to be visited by tourists from different parts of the world if we have a good government system. It means that we have to be careful to select for the next President to take care of our beloved country. We wrote this specially for you, because we believe that you could do a great improvement on managing the system.
Let us outline some topics that we would like to "discuss" here:
1. Disaster,
2. Poverty, and
3. Cleanliness
The topics above might be not really important but those are really have a big impact. The things that we will explain after this are based on our thoughts and what we feel of being apart of citizen of Indonesia.
1. Disaster
This one is happening a lot now. Mount Kelud just exploded a week ago and thunderstorm happened during the process. Many people died because of the poisonous ashes which came out from the mouth of the mountain. The ashes are spreading all over the city even it reaches our capital city, Jakarta. Maybe not much but still. On this case, the government should give more attention to the people who live around the area. Give them more daily life supplies (the basic ones: healthy food and fresh mineral water) to survive and a suitable place to save themselves. Not like an empty building and just let them lay down there. What if there is a pregnant woman? A sick child? Who wants to give medicines and take care of them in that kind of crowded place? Diseases are easily to spread and we don't want the other people become sick too just because of one person.
2. Poverty
Everyday many people are trying to live their life to the fullest. They are working so hard to get the best way to survive. With a simple "house" which made out of woods or bamboos, they won't give up. People who just graduated from universities and seeking for jobs, successful people, "unsuccessful" ones; there are many kind of people in this one country. We still have to remember, as apart of successful people, that there are still those "unlucky" society. Living an unhealthy life near dirty rivers or any kind of unsuitable places. They are keep on trying to find out how to make their life better. No additional "facilities" from the government which make them even worst.They need something to change their lifestyle. How can a society live in those kind of conditions? Unskilled, not having a proper job then they still have children, parents who they need to take care and of course it spends a lot of money just to buy a food. Where is the government that CARE of this society? So far, it has been the same. We don't see any changes of this issue. The other citizens are helping them, yes, but we need the government to help us too. How can this country be developed if the poverty keeps on increasing each year?
3. Environment
No wonder there are many diseases and viruses spread in surrounded areas. Big cities or small villages. Pollution, rubbish everywhere, well who isn't sick of seeing and feeling this everyday? We do have many trees, but they wont help us that much if we kept on cutting them illegally and use the land to build large and tall buildings. We're still wondering of something, why do people keep on throwing rubbish not in the right place? They knew it will cause flood and other environment impacts. Well this is actually based on individuals awareness. Look at every time we walk past a street, there must be rubbish at the edges. Who doesn't feel digusted seeing a bunch of mixed rubbish? Do something to make this country as beautiful as other developed countries. Make the tourists feel comfortable while they are travelling around; seeking for good places to be visited so they will be impressed and we believe it will make them missing how lovely our environment is. By this, we will be prouder as an Indonesian.
I hope our opinions and suggestions are acceptable and useful for other people. We apologise for any mistakes written because we are humans and we make mistakes. Thats all from us.
Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
First of all, we would like to introduce ourselves. We are students from an Islamic International School located in Hambalang, Bogor. We decided to make this letter for you to make sure that you'll do a great job if you are elected to become the next President of Indonesia. This is a pleasure for us. A big appreciation for you if you are interested to read, Sir. We are only normal teenagers that want to make this country even better in the future. Indonesia is a very beautiful country to be visited by tourists from different parts of the world if we have a good government system. It means that we have to be careful to select for the next President to take care of our beloved country. We wrote this specially for you, because we believe that you could do a great improvement on managing the system.
Let us outline some topics that we would like to "discuss" here:
1. Disaster,
2. Poverty, and
3. Cleanliness
The topics above might be not really important but those are really have a big impact. The things that we will explain after this are based on our thoughts and what we feel of being apart of citizen of Indonesia.
1. Disaster
This one is happening a lot now. Mount Kelud just exploded a week ago and thunderstorm happened during the process. Many people died because of the poisonous ashes which came out from the mouth of the mountain. The ashes are spreading all over the city even it reaches our capital city, Jakarta. Maybe not much but still. On this case, the government should give more attention to the people who live around the area. Give them more daily life supplies (the basic ones: healthy food and fresh mineral water) to survive and a suitable place to save themselves. Not like an empty building and just let them lay down there. What if there is a pregnant woman? A sick child? Who wants to give medicines and take care of them in that kind of crowded place? Diseases are easily to spread and we don't want the other people become sick too just because of one person.
2. Poverty
Everyday many people are trying to live their life to the fullest. They are working so hard to get the best way to survive. With a simple "house" which made out of woods or bamboos, they won't give up. People who just graduated from universities and seeking for jobs, successful people, "unsuccessful" ones; there are many kind of people in this one country. We still have to remember, as apart of successful people, that there are still those "unlucky" society. Living an unhealthy life near dirty rivers or any kind of unsuitable places. They are keep on trying to find out how to make their life better. No additional "facilities" from the government which make them even worst.They need something to change their lifestyle. How can a society live in those kind of conditions? Unskilled, not having a proper job then they still have children, parents who they need to take care and of course it spends a lot of money just to buy a food. Where is the government that CARE of this society? So far, it has been the same. We don't see any changes of this issue. The other citizens are helping them, yes, but we need the government to help us too. How can this country be developed if the poverty keeps on increasing each year?
3. Environment
No wonder there are many diseases and viruses spread in surrounded areas. Big cities or small villages. Pollution, rubbish everywhere, well who isn't sick of seeing and feeling this everyday? We do have many trees, but they wont help us that much if we kept on cutting them illegally and use the land to build large and tall buildings. We're still wondering of something, why do people keep on throwing rubbish not in the right place? They knew it will cause flood and other environment impacts. Well this is actually based on individuals awareness. Look at every time we walk past a street, there must be rubbish at the edges. Who doesn't feel digusted seeing a bunch of mixed rubbish? Do something to make this country as beautiful as other developed countries. Make the tourists feel comfortable while they are travelling around; seeking for good places to be visited so they will be impressed and we believe it will make them missing how lovely our environment is. By this, we will be prouder as an Indonesian.
I hope our opinions and suggestions are acceptable and useful for other people. We apologise for any mistakes written because we are humans and we make mistakes. Thats all from us.
Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
Wednesday 12 February 2014
IT Task
TCP/IP definition:
- Stands for "Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol." These two protocols were developed in the early days of the Internet by the U.S. military. The purpose was to allow computers to communicate over long distance networks. The TCP part has to do with the verifying delivery of the packets. The IP part refers to the moving of data packets between nodes. TCP/IP has since then become the foundation of the Internet. Therefore, TCP/IP software is built into all major operating systems, such as Unix, Windows, and the Mac OS. (http://www.techterms.com/definition/tcpip)
- Two separate protocols, TCP and IP, that are used together. The Internet Protocol standard dictates how packets of information are sent out over networks. IP has a packet-addressing method that lets any computer on the Internet forward a packet to another computer that is a step (or more) closer to the packet's recipient. The Transmission Control Protocol ensures the reliability of data transmission across Internet connected networks. TCP checks packets for errors and submits requests for re-transmissions if errors are found; it also will return the multiple packets of a message into a proper, original sequence when the message reaches its destination. (http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htm)
- A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries) using private or public network transports. Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a WAN as well, and is used by businesses, governments, organizations, and individuals for almost any purpose imaginable.[1]
- Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area (e.g., a city) respectively. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network)
- Stands for "Wide Area Network." It is similar to a Local Area Network (LAN), but it's a lot bigger. Unlike LANs, WANs are not limited to a single location. Many wide area networks span long distances via telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, or satellite links. They can also be composed of smaller LANs that are interconnected. The Internet could be described as the biggest WAN in the world. You could even call the Internet a Super WAN BAM if you wanted to. Or maybe not. (http://www.techterms.com/definition/wan)
- communications network that uses such devices as telephone lines, satellite dishes, or radio waves to span a larger geographic area than can be covered by a LAN. (http://www.answers.com/topic/wan-abbreviation)
- Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server), an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name www.example.com might translate to 198.105.232.4.
- The DNS system is, in fact, its own network. If one DNS server doesn't know how to translate a particular domain name, it asks another one, and so on, until the correct IP address is returned. (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.html)
- The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates easily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide. The Domain Name System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System)
- DNS is an abbreviation for Domain Name System, a system for naming computers and network services that is organized into a hierarchy of domains. DNS naming is used in TCP/IP networks, such as the Internet, to locate computers and services through user-friendly names. When a user enters a DNS name in an application, DNS services can resolve the name to other information associated with the name, such as an IP address.
The following figure shows a basic use of DNS, which is finding the IP address of a computer based on its name. (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787920%28v=ws.10%29.aspx)
Monday 27 January 2014
CHAPTER 11:
PERCENTAGES
11.4:
Practical Examples
Ø
EXPLANATION:
·
If
you buy something and sell it, the difference between the 2 prices is profit or a loss.
·
When
you buy something you may be offered a discount.
This is a reduction in a
price. It is usually given as a percentage.
·
If
a bank helps you to buy an item, you may have to pay back more than you borrow.
This is the interest that bank
charges.
·
If
you buy something the price may include a tax.
This is called a purchased tax. When
you earn money you may have to pay tax on what you earn. This is called income tax.
Ø
EXAMPLE:
A man earns $45 000 in a year
He can earn $16 000 without
paying any tax.
He pays 24% tax on anything
above $16 000.
a)
Work out how much tax he pays.
b)
What percentage of his income does he
pay in income tax?
a)
45
000 – 16 000 = 29 000
24% of 29 000 = 6960
He pays $6960
b)
(6960 : 45 000) x 100% = 15.5%
EXERCISE
1. A woman
bought an old chair for $240. She sold it for $300.
Work out the percentage profit.
2. A man bought
a car for $15 900. He sold it for $9500.
Work out the percentage loss.
If you buy 6 bottles you can get 10% discount.
Work out how much you save if you buy 6 bottles.
CHAPTER 11:
PERCENTAGES
11.3:
Percentage Changes
Ø
EXPLANATION:
·
You
can use percentages to describe a change in a quantity
It could be a increase or decrease.
·
A
percentage change is always calculated as a percentage of the initial value.
·
The
initial value is 100%. It is
important to choose the correct value to be 100%
Ø
EXAMPLE:
In May, 800 people visited a
museum.
In June, 900 people visited.
In July, the number was 800 again.
a)
The percentage increase from May to June.
b)
The percentage decrease from June to July.
1.
100%
= 800
The increase is 100 (from 800 to
900)
The percentage increase is (100 : 800) x 100% = 12.5%
2.
100%
= 900
The decrease is 100 (from 900
to 800 again)
The percentage decrease is (100 : 900) x 100% = 11.1%
EXERCISE
1.
Game $40
Alain increases the price by $10. Find the percentage increase.
ü
($10 : $40) x 100% = $25
2.
Tebor weighed 84 kg. He went running every day and
began to lose mass.
After 1 month
his mass was 78 kg. What was the percentage decrease?
ü
84 – 78 = 6 kg
ü
(6kg : 84kg) x 100% = 7.14%
The price of a car was $20 000. In a sale, the price
decreased by 4%. After the sale it increased by 4%. (The price after the sale is $20 000 again.)
a) What mistake
has it made?
b) What is the
correct price after the sale?
CHAPTER 11:
PERCENTAGES
11.2:
Comparing Different Quantities
Ø
EXPLANATION:
·
You
will often need to compare groups that are different sizes
·
à Suppose that, in 1 school, 85 students took an exam &
59 passed. In another school, 237 students took an exam & 147 passed.
Which school did better?
·
It
is hard to say because each school had a different number of students.
·
The
worked example below shows how to use percentages to help to answer
questions like this.
Ø
EXAMPLE:
In school A, 85 students took a
mathematics exam and 59 passed
In school B, 237 students took
a mathematics exam and 147 passed.
Which school had a better pass rate?
ü
59 out of 85 =
59 : 85 = 69%
ü
147 out of 237
= 147 : 237 = 62%
è
The pass rate in school B is
better by 7 percentage points.
There were 425 girls
& 381 boys in a school. 31 girls & 48 boys are overweight.
Work out:
1.
The percentage of the girls that are overweight.
à 31 out
of 425 = 7.3%
2.
The percentage of all the students that are overweight.
è
79 out
of 806 = 9.8%
|
Smoker
|
Non-smoker
|
Total
|
Men
|
12
|
64
|
76
|
Women
|
9
|
32
|
41
|
a. What percentage of men are smokers?
ü
12 out of 76= 12 : 76 = 15.8%
CHAPTER 11: PERCENTAGES
11.1: Using
Mental Methods
Ø
EXPLANATION:
·
Some
percentages are easy to findà For Simple Fractions.
·
If
you know 10%, you can find any
multiple of 10%.
·
You
can often do this quite easily. (Don’t always need a calculator)
Ø
EXAMPLE:
There are 4400 people in a
stadium. 60% are males. How many is
that?
ü
60% = 50% + 10%
ü
50% of 4400 = 2200
ü
10% of 4400 = 440
è
60% = 2200 + 440 = 2640
Work out:
ü
49% of
2300
ü
49% = 50% - 1%
ü
50% of
2300 = 1150
ü
1% of
2300 = 23
ü
49% = 1150 –
23 = 1127
ü
110% of
36
ü
110% = 100% + 10%
ü
100% of
36 = 36
ü
10% of
36 = 3.6
ü
110% = 36 +
3.6 = 39.6
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Show that 30%
of 65 is the same as 65% of 30
(30 : 100%) x 65 = 19.5
(65 : 100%) x 30 = 19.5
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